IJCIC- International Journal of Clinical and Interventional Cardiology

Observation of Risk Factors among 62 Cases of Common Coronary Artery Diseases

Abu Zahid Basunia — 2022-12-22

Introduction: The largest cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, coronary artery disease (CAD) claims more than 4.5 million lives in the developing world every year. The frequency of CAD risk factors and CAD mortality both continue to rise fast in developing countries despite a recent decline in wealthy countries. The present study aims to investigate the common risk factors, diagnoses, and laboratory parameters of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 62 purposively selected patients who underwent elective CAG in the Department of Cardiology, Rangpur Medical College and Hospital, from July 2020 to June 2021. To analyze and analyze the data after the data collection period, SPSS 23.0 was employed. The Institutional Ethical Review Committee approved the experiment.

Result: the majority of patients were male (82.3%) with a mean age of 53.4 years. Current smoking was the most prevalent risk factor (50%) followed by dyslipidemia (46.8%), hypertension (43.5%), family history of CAD (41.9%), and diabetes mellitus (32.3%). The most common diagnosis was non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (38.7%), followed by unstable angina (33.9%) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (27.4%). The mean laboratory parameters of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Creatinine were mostly within the normal range, except for HbA1C which was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range.

Conclusion: The results indicate that current smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for CAD, and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction is the most common diagnosis. The laboratory parameters of most patients were within the normal range, except for slightly elevated HbA1C levels.

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Occurrence of Hypertension

Swapan Kumar Singha — 2022-12-10

Introduction: Coronary and cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with hypertension or high blood pressure being a primary risk factor. Despite being a symptomless and incurable ailment, hypertension is often diagnosed in its severe stage with severe symptoms. Socioeconomic factors are considered to be one of the causes of hypertension, although various studies have yielded conflicting results about the exact relationship between socioeconomic status and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic status within our country.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the effects of hypertension and socioeconomic status.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Habiganj, Bangladesh during the time period of June 2019 to May 2021 with 160 patients showing stage II and above. The patients were made aware of the study, and properly informed consent was taken from the patients about using their personal data for the study. Ethical approval was collected from the respected authority.

Result: The study included more female than male participants, with a ratio of 3 to 5. Three-fourths of the participants were married, while the rest were unmarried. The youngest participant was 35 years old, and the oldest was 73 years old. Participants aged 35-39 years constituted only 10% of the total sample, whereas 37.5% were older than 60 years. Most of the participants (70%) were from rural areas, while the remaining 30% were from urban localities. Nearly half of the participants (48.75%) had no formal education, and only a small proportion (6.25%) had attained higher education.

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, hypertension was more prevalent among females than males. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be lower in individuals with higher levels of education and higher incomes. Hypertension was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas, and various socioeconomic factors were believed to impact the mental health and stress levels of participants.

Observation of Dietary Habits among Diagnosed Ischemic Heart Disease Patients

Mahbubur Rahman — 2022-12-10

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major health concern globally and is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Dietary habits play a crucial role in the prevention and management of IHD. This study aimed to observe the dietary habits among diagnosed ischemic heart disease patients in Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh, involving 258 IHD patients. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and participants were classified into three groups based on their dietary habits. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained.

Result: The majority of respondents (65.9%) were aged 55 years and above, with a mean age of 58.12 years. Regarding education, 49.2% had completed their SSC or equivalent, and 28.7% had completed their HSC or equivalent. Most participants (65.1%) had a monthly income of less than 20,000 taka. Among the total, 22.48% were smokers, and 77.52% did not smoke. Only 7.36% followed a vegetable-prone diet (Group-1), 28.68% adhered to a middle-class food diet (Group-2), and the majority, 63.95%, consumed a fatty food diet (Group-3). While 39.53% did not consume vegetables daily, 31.01% had adequate servings, and 29.46% had inadequate servings. Only 25.97% had a daily fruit intake, all with inadequate amounts, and 74.03% did not consume fruits regularly. None of the respondents had an adequate fruit intake. Finally, 68.60% of respondents reported consuming extra salt, while 31.40% did not.

Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary habits among IHD patients in Bangladesh. By implementing evidence-based strategies and fostering multi-sectoral collaboration, it is possible to improve IHD prevention and management in this population.

Identifying Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Newly Employed and Experienced Professionals in Bangladesh

Al Amin — 2022-12-10

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global health burden, accounting for a majority of global deaths and millions of premature deaths each year. In Bangladesh, NCDs contribute to a substantial proportion of annual mortality, with a concerning increase observed in recent decades. This study aimed to identify NCD risk factors among newly employed and experienced Bangladeshi professionals.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 102 participants, including both newly employed and experienced professionals, were included using purposive non-probability sampling. Data collection involved a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, as well as measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure.

Result: The study involved a majority of female participants (65.7%), who were unmarried (68.6%) and had completed secondary school (71.6%). The average age was 25.67 years, with an average monthly income of $479.83. Approximately 20% reported smoking, while 13.7% reported alcohol consumption. Low physical activity was reported by 40.2%, and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption by 31.4%. The prevalence of chronic diseases was found to be 12.7% for hypertension, 5.5% for diabetes, and 2.7% for cardiovascular diseases. These findings provide valuable information on participant characteristics, risk factors, and chronic disease prevalence, relevant to researchers and policymakers working on public health interventions.

Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the distribution of NCD risk factors among newly employed individuals and experienced professionals in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that NCD risk factors are similar between these two groups, except for hypertension, which is more prevalent among experienced professionals. These findings have important implications for public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs in Bangladesh.

Examining the Effectiveness of Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Short-Term Outcome Comparison Study

Mahbub Rahman — 2022-12-10

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition characterized by a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which can lead to right heart failure and death. Although the underlying cause of PAH is complex, there are three main pathways involved in the disease: endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin. Medications that target these pathways have been effective in extending the lives of PAH patients, but the disease remains fatal. Combining different medications is an attractive option for treating PAH, and this study aimed to compare the outcomes of using a single medication versus combining multiple medications over a short period of time.

Aim of the study: The study aimed to compare the short-term outcome of monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of Pulmonary hypertension

Methods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Ranpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years, from January 2019 to January 2021. During this period, a total of 140 participants were selected for the study following the inclusion, and exclusion criteria from those diagnosed case of pulmonary hypertension with congenital heart disease admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, NICVD, NHF. The selected participants were then divided into two groups of 70 each through random selection.

Result: The majority of the participants in this study were between 12 to 15 years of age, with 54.3% in Group A (treated with Sildenafil) and 60.0% in Group B (treated with a combination of medications). Group A consisted of 70 patients, of whom 28 (40.0%) were male and 42 (60.0%) were female. In Group B, 24 (34.4%) patients were male and 46 (65.7%) were female. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of mean age or sex. The most common congenital heart defect among the participants was ventricular septal defects (VSD), followed by atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD), and atrial septal defects (ASD). After 3 and 6 months of follow-up, the study found statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of SpO2 per exercise, 6-minute walk distance, SpO2 after exercise, and alanine aminotransferase. However, there were no significant differences in adverse effects between the two groups. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was significantly reduced in the combination therapy group compared to the monotherapy group.

Conclusion: The study found that combining Bosentan with oral Sildenafil medication is a safe and effective treatment for patients with PAH associated with CHD. The combination therapy resulted in significant improvements in clinical status, effort SpO2, exercise tolerance, hemodynamics, and PASP after 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Therefore, the study concludes that combination therapy is more successful than monotherapy for treating PAH associated with CHD.

Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice in Clinical and Interventional Cardiology

Prof. Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder — 2022-12-10